EVALUATION OF OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY PATTERNS IN DIABETIC MACULAR OEDEMA.

Corresponding Author:
Vaikkakara Sudha,
Associate Professor,
Department of Ophthalmology,
Government Medical College, Thrissur.
E-mail: ajisudha@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND

The aim of this study is to identify, categorise and analyse the Optical Coherence Tomography patterns of Diabetic Macular oedema.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

In this observational study, 43 eyes of 25 patients with Diabetic Macular oedema (DME) were evaluated. DME was defined as the retinal thickening due to fluid leakage and pooling in the macular area in patients with Diabetes Mellitus. Macular oedema due to other ocular illness was excluded. All patients underwent best corrected visual acuity assessment by Snellen’s visual acuity chart, dilated slit-lamp Biomicroscopic examination, Fundus Fluorescein Angiography(FFA) and Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) by the same examiner. OCT patterns were analysed. Central foveal thickness was also measured by OCT and macular oedema classified into mild (201 µm-300 µm,) moderate (301 µm-400 µm) and severe (≥400 µm).

RESULTS

Of the total 25 patients in the age group 35-75 years (Mean age 54.08), males predominated in this study (M: F ratio of 2.6:1). OCT examination revealed that 30% eyes had Cystoid macular oedema and 26% had Sponge-like retinal thickness. Mixed cystoid and spongiform pattern w

as observed in 28%, Epiretinal membrane (ERM) in 9%, Plaque of hard exudates in 7%, Serous macular detachment in 9%, and Vitreomacular traction in 5%. 32% eyes had mild macular oedema, 21% had moderate and 35% had severe forms.

CONCLUSION

Various patterns can be easily identified by OCT and treatment may be modified accordingly. Cystoid macular oedema was the predominant form of DME according to this study. Both eyes of a same patient can present with different DME patterns.

KEYWORDS

Optical Coherence Tomography, Diabetic Macular oedema, Cystoid Macular Oedema, Epiretinal Membrane, Central Foveal Thickness, Vitreomacular Traction.