To Compare the Effects of Intermittent versus Continuous Administration of Epidural Ropivacaine with Fentanyl for Labour Analgesia at Govt. T.D. Medical College, Alappuzha.

Lederman RP, Lederman E, Work B, et al. Anxiety and epinephrine in multiparous women in labor: relationship to duration of labor and fetal heart rate pattern. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1985;153(8):870-7.            

Chestnut DH, Wong CA, Tsen LC, et al. Chestnut’s Obstetric anesthesia: principles and practice. 5th edn. Saunders 2014: p. 420-3.

Mattingly JE, D’Alessio J, Ramanathan J. Effects of obstetric analgesics and anesthetics on the neonate: a review. Paediatr Drugs 2003;5(9):615-27.            

Lv BS, Wang W, Wang ZQ, et al. Efficacy and safety of local anesthetics bupivacaine, ropivacaine and levobupivacaine in combination with sufentanil in epidural anesthesia for labor and delivery: a meta-analysis. Curr Med Res Opin 2014;30(11):2279-89.    

Lin Y, Li Q, Liu J, et al. Comparison of continuous epidural infusion and programmed intermittent epidural bolus in labor analgesia. Ther Clin Risk Manag 2016;12:1107-12.  

Fettes PDW, Moore CS, Whiteside JB, e al. Intermittent vs continuous administration of epidural ropivacaine with fentanyl for analgesia during labour. Br J Anaesth 2006;97(3):359-64.      

Paddalwar S, Nagrale M, Chandak A, et al. A randomized, double-blind, controlled study comparing Bupivacaine 0.125% and Ropivacaine 0.125%, both with Fentanyl 2 μg/ml, for labor epidural analgesia. Indian J Pain 2013;27(3):147-53.       

Lyons GR, Kocarev MG, Wilson RC, et al. A comparison of minimum local anesthetic volumes and doses of epidural bupivacaine (0.125% w/v and 0.25% w/v) for analgesia in labor. Anesth Analg 2007;104(2):412-5.             

Nunes J, Nunes S, Veiga M, et al. A prospective, randomized, blinded-endpoint, controlled study – continuous epidural infusion versus programmed intermittent epidural bolus in labor analgesia. Braz J Anesthesiol 2016;66(5):439-44.                    

George RB, Allen TK, Habib AS. Intermittent epidural bolus compared with continuous epidural infusions for labor analgesia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Anesth Analg 2013;116(1):133-44.              

Fan Y, Ji M, Zang L, et al. Comparison of epidural tramadol-ropivacaine and fentanyl-ropivacaine for labor analgesia: a prospective randomized study. Ups J Med Sci 2011;116(4):252-7.               

Maggiore LRU, Silanos R, Carlevaro S, et al. Programmed intermittent epidural bolus versus continuous epidural infusion for pain relief during termination of pregnancy: a prospective, double-blind, randomized trial. Int J Obstet Anesth 2016;25:37-44.  

Capogna G, Stirparo S. Techniques for the maintenance of epidural labor analgesia. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol 2013;26(3):261-7.