CAROTID ATHEROSCLEROSIS AND PERIPHERAL VASCULAR DISEASE IN TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS PATIENTS WITH CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE.

Corresponding Author:
Dr. Neetu Agarwal,
#312 Darshana Apartments,
90 Feet Road, Near Campus Hotel,
Mulund East, Mumbai-400081.
E-mail: netagrawal@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND

Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM) suffer from premature severe atherosclerosis and can have multivascular involvement.

Aims and objectives- To determine the prevalence of Carotid Atherosclerosis (CA) and Peripheral Vascular Disease (PVD) in Type 2 DM patients with coronary artery disease. To correlate multivascular morbidity with risk factors.

Materials and methods

In cross-sectional hospital-based study, 120 consecutive patients of Type 2 DM with CAD underwent Doppler studies and prevalence of CA or PVD was determined as per IMT, plaques and luminal stenosis. Macrovascular multimorbidity defined as presence of CA or PVD or both along with CAD. They were assessed for risk factors. Patients were divided into 2 groups: Group I-CAD alone, Group II- Multivascular morbidity. Comparisons were made using student ‘t’ test and chi-square for univariate analysis and multivariate analysis done finally.

Results

Mean age of patients was 56.17 + 7.8 years with M:F = 1:1. Of 120 patients 71 (59.1%) had CA (p=0.001), 40 (33.3%) had PVD (p=0.732) and 28 (23.3%) had both CA and PVD. Of 71 with CA 37 (52.11%) had increased IMT, 34 (47.88%) had plaques/luminal stenosis. Of 40 with PVD, 33 (82.5%) had increased IMT, 7 (17.5%) had plaques/stenosis. On univariate analysis male sex, age, duration of diabetes, hypertension, elevated fasting blood glucose and HbA1c, high LDL and low LDL were significantly associated with multivascular involvement. On multivariate analysis age, duration of diabetes, HbA1c were independent risk factors for multivascular involvement.

Conclusion

There is significantly high prevalence of macrovascular multimorbidity in Type 2 DM patients with CAD, more commonly in males. It is more with increasing age, Diabetes duration, Hypertension, uncontrolled DM and dyslipidaemia.

Keywords

Type 2 DM, Coronary artery disease, macrovascular multimorbidity (CA and PVD).